簡介

太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)分為光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。通常說的(de)(de)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)指的(de)(de)是太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，簡稱“光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)”。光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是利用半導體界(jie)面的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)生伏特效(xiao)應(ying)而將光(guang)(guang)(guang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)直接轉變為電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)一種(zhong)技術。這種(zhong)技術的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)元件(jian)(jian)是太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)經過串聯后進行封裝(zhuang)保護可形(xing)成(cheng)大面積的(de)(de)太(tai)陽電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組件(jian)(jian)，再配合上功率控制器等部件(jian)(jian)就形(xing)成(cheng)了光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置。

理(li)論上講，光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)技術可以用于任何需要電(dian)源(yuan)的場(chang)合，上至(zhi)航天器，下(xia)至(zhi)家用電(dian)源(yuan)，大到(dao)(dao)兆瓦級電(dian)站(zhan)，小(xiao)到(dao)(dao)玩(wan)具，光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)源(yuan)無處不在。太陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)的最(zui)基本元件(jian)是太陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池（片(pian)(pian)），有單(dan)晶(jing)硅、多(duo)晶(jing)硅、非(fei)晶(jing)硅和薄膜電(dian)池等。其中，單(dan)晶(jing)和多(duo)晶(jing)電(dian)池用量(liang)最(zui)大，非(fei)晶(jing)電(dian)池用于一(yi)些(xie)小(xiao)系(xi)統和計算器輔(fu)助電(dian)源(yuan)等。中國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)產晶(jing)體(ti)硅電(dian)池效(xiao)率在10至(zhi)13％左右，國(guo)(guo)際上同類產品效(xiao)率約12至(zhi)14％。由一(yi)個或多(duo)個太陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池片(pian)(pian)組成的太陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池板稱為光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)組件(jian)。

光伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產品主要用于三大方面：一(yi)是(shi)為無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場合提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源；二是(shi)太陽(yang)能日用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產品，如(ru)各類太陽(yang)能充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)、太陽(yang)能路燈和太陽(yang)能草地各種(zhong)燈具等；三是(shi)并網發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)在發(fa)(fa)達國家已經大面積推廣實施(shi)。到2009年，中國并網發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)還未(wei)開始全面推廣，不過，2008年北京奧運(yun)會部分用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)由太陽(yang)能發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和風力發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)提供的。

據預測，太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電在(zai)21世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)會(hui)占(zhan)據世(shi)(shi)界能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費的重要(yao)席位，不(bu)但要(yao)替代部分常規能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，而且將(jiang)成為世(shi)(shi)界能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)應的主體。預計(ji)到2030年(nian)，可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)在(zai)總能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)結(jie)構(gou)中(zhong)將(jiang)占(zhan)到30％以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，而太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電在(zai)世(shi)(shi)界總電力(li)供(gong)應中(zhong)的占(zhan)比(bi)也將(jiang)達到10％以(yi)(yi)上(shang)；到2040年(nian)，可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)將(jiang)占(zhan)總能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)的50％以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電將(jiang)占(zhan)總電力(li)的20％以(yi)(yi)上(shang)；到21世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)末，可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)在(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)結(jie)構(gou)中(zhong)將(jiang)占(zhan)到80％以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)電將(jiang)占(zhan)到60％以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。這些數字足(zu)以(yi)(yi)顯(xian)示出太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)產業的發(fa)展前(qian)景(jing)及(ji)其在(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)領域重要(yao)的戰(zhan)略地位。

光伏發電系統

系統分類

光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)分為獨(du)立(li)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)系統(tong)(tong)和并網光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)系統(tong)(tong)。獨(du)立(li)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)站包括邊(bian)遠地區的(de)村莊供電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)，太陽(yang)能戶用(yong)電(dian)(dian)源系統(tong)(tong)，通信(xin)信(xin)號電(dian)(dian)源、陰極保護、太陽(yang)能路燈(deng)等各種(zhong)帶有蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)可以獨(du)立(li)運行的(de)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)。

并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)光伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)是與(yu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)相連并(bing)(bing)(bing)向電(dian)(dian)網(wang)輸送(song)電(dian)(dian)力的(de)光伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。可(ke)(ke)以分為帶(dai)(dai)蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)和(he)不(bu)帶(dai)(dai)蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。帶(dai)(dai)有(you)蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)具(ju)有(you)可(ke)(ke)調(diao)度(du)性，可(ke)(ke)以根據需要并(bing)(bing)(bing)入或退出(chu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)，還具(ju)有(you)備(bei)用電(dian)(dian)源的(de)功能，當電(dian)(dian)網(wang)因故停電(dian)(dian)時可(ke)(ke)緊急供電(dian)(dian)。帶(dai)(dai)有(you)蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)光伏(fu)并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)常常安裝在居民建筑；不(bu)帶(dai)(dai)蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)不(bu)具(ju)備(bei)可(ke)(ke)調(diao)度(du)性和(he)備(bei)用電(dian)(dian)源的(de)功能，一般安裝在較(jiao)大型的(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)上。

系統設備

光伏(fu)發電系統是由太陽能電池(chi)方陣，蓄電池(chi)組(zu)(zu)，充(chong)放電控制器(qi)，逆變器(qi)，交流(liu)配電柜(ju)，太陽跟蹤控制系統等設(she)備組(zu)(zu)成。其部(bu)分設(she)備的作用是：

太陽能電池方陣

在有(you)光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)（無(wu)論是太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)光(guang)(guang)，還是其(qi)它發光(guang)(guang)體產生(sheng)(sheng)的光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)）情況(kuang)下(xia)，電池(chi)(chi)(chi)吸收光(guang)(guang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，電池(chi)(chi)(chi)兩端出現異號電荷的積(ji)累，即產生(sheng)(sheng)“光(guang)(guang)生(sheng)(sheng)電壓”，這就是“光(guang)(guang)生(sheng)(sheng)伏特效應”。在光(guang)(guang)生(sheng)(sheng)伏打效應的作用下(xia)，太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)的兩端產生(sheng)(sheng)電動勢(shi)，將光(guang)(guang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換成電能(neng)(neng)(neng)，是能(neng)(neng)(neng)量轉換的器件(jian)。太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)一般為(wei)硅(gui)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)，分為(wei)單晶硅(gui)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)，多晶硅(gui)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)非晶硅(gui)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)三種(zhong)。

蓄電池組

其(qi)作用(yong)是貯存(cun)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池方陣受光(guang)照時(shi)發出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)并可隨時(shi)向(xiang)負(fu)載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池發電(dian)(dian)(dian)對所用(yong)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組的(de)基本要求是：a.自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)率低；b.使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)長；c.深放電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力強(qiang)；d.充電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率高；e.少維(wei)護或免(mian)維(wei)護；f.工(gong)作溫度范(fan)圍寬(kuan)；g.價格低廉。

充放電控制器

是能自動(dong)防止蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)設(she)(she)備。由于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)循環(huan)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次數(shu)及放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度(du)是決定蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用壽命(ming)的(de)重(zhong)要因(yin)素，因(yin)此能控制蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組過充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制器是必(bi)不可(ke)少的(de)設(she)(she)備。

逆變器

是(shi)(shi)將直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)轉換成交流電(dian)(dian)的設(she)備。由(you)于太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能電(dian)(dian)池和(he)蓄電(dian)(dian)池是(shi)(shi)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)源，而負載(zai)(zai)是(shi)(shi)交流負載(zai)(zai)時，逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)必不(bu)(bu)可少的。逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)按運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行方(fang)式，可分為獨立(li)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)和(he)并網(wang)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)。獨立(li)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)用(yong)于獨立(li)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行的太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能電(dian)(dian)池發電(dian)(dian)系統，為獨立(li)負載(zai)(zai)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)。并網(wang)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)用(yong)于并網(wang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行的太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能電(dian)(dian)池發電(dian)(dian)系統。逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)按輸(shu)出(chu)波(bo)(bo)型(xing)可分為方(fang)波(bo)(bo)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)和(he)正(zheng)弦(xian)波(bo)(bo)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)。方(fang)波(bo)(bo)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)路簡單，造(zao)價低，但諧波(bo)(bo)分量大，一般(ban)用(yong)于幾百瓦以下和(he)對諧波(bo)(bo)要(yao)求不(bu)(bu)高的系統。正(zheng)弦(xian)波(bo)(bo)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)成本(ben)高，但可以適用(yong)于各種負載(zai)(zai)。

太陽跟蹤控制系統

由于(yu)(yu)相對于(yu)(yu)某(mou)一(yi)個固(gu)定(ding)(ding)地(di)(di)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏發電系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，一(yi)年春(chun)夏(xia)秋冬四季、每天日(ri)升日(ri)落(luo)，太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光照角度(du)(du)(du)時(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)刻刻都(dou)在(zai)(zai)變(bian)化，如果太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電池板能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠時(shi)(shi)(shi)刻正(zheng)對太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)，發電效率才會(hui)達(da)到最(zui)(zui)佳(jia)狀態。目(mu)前(qian)世界(jie)上(shang)通(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)跟(gen)蹤(zong)(zong)(zong)控(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)都(dou)需(xu)要根據安放點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經緯度(du)(du)(du)等信息計(ji)(ji)算(suan)一(yi)年中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每一(yi)天的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同時(shi)(shi)(shi)刻太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)所在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度(du)(du)(du)，將一(yi)年中每個時(shi)(shi)(shi)刻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置存儲到PLC、單(dan)(dan)片機或(huo)電腦(nao)(nao)軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)中，也就是(shi)(shi)靠計(ji)(ji)算(suan)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置以(yi)(yi)(yi)實現跟(gen)蹤(zong)(zong)(zong)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)電腦(nao)(nao)數(shu)據理(li)論，需(xu)要地(di)(di)球經緯度(du)(du)(du)地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據和(he)設(she)定(ding)(ding)，一(yi)旦安裝，就不(bu)便(bian)移(yi)動(dong)或(huo)裝拆，每次移(yi)動(dong)完就必(bi)須重新設(she)定(ding)(ding)數(shu)據和(he)調整各個參(can)數(shu)；原理(li)、電路、技術、設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)復雜，非專業人士不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠隨便(bian)操作。河北某(mou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏發電企業獨家研發出了(le)具有(you)世界(jie)領先(xian)水(shui)平、成本低廉、簡單(dan)(dan)易(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)、不(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)各地(di)(di)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置數(shu)據、無(wu)軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)、可在(zai)(zai)移(yi)動(dong)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)上(shang)隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)隨地(di)(di)準確跟(gen)蹤(zong)(zong)(zong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)跟(gen)蹤(zong)(zong)(zong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。該系(xi)(xi)統(tong)是(shi)(shi)國內(nei)(nei)首家完全不(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電腦(nao)(nao)軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)空間定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)跟(gen)蹤(zong)(zong)(zong)儀(yi)，具有(you)國際領先(xian)水(shui)平，能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠不(bu)受地(di)(di)域和(he)外部條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)-50℃至70℃環境溫度(du)(du)(du)范圍內(nei)(nei)正(zheng)常使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)；跟(gen)蹤(zong)(zong)(zong)精度(du)(du)(du)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)達(da)到±0.001°，最(zui)(zui)大限(xian)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)跟(gen)蹤(zong)(zong)(zong)精度(du)(du)(du)，完美實現適(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)跟(gen)蹤(zong)(zong)(zong)，最(zui)(zui)大限(xian)度(du)(du)(du)提(ti)高太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)光能(neng)(neng)(neng)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)率。可以(yi)(yi)(yi)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)各類設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)跟(gen)蹤(zong)(zong)(zong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)，該自動(dong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)跟(gen)蹤(zong)(zong)(zong)儀(yi)價格實惠、性能(neng)(neng)(neng)穩定(ding)(ding)、結構合理(li)、跟(gen)蹤(zong)(zong)(zong)準確、方(fang)便(bian)易(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。把加裝了(le)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)跟(gen)蹤(zong)(zong)(zong)儀(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發電系(xi)(xi)統(tong)安裝在(zai)(zai)高速行(xing)駛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汽車(che)(che)、火車(che)(che)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)通(tong)訊應(ying)急車(che)(che)、特種軍(jun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)汽車(che)(che)、軍(jun)艦(jian)或(huo)輪船上(shang)，不(bu)論系(xi)(xi)統(tong)向何(he)(he)方(fang)行(xing)駛、如何(he)(he)調頭、拐彎(wan)，智能(neng)(neng)(neng)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)跟(gen)蹤(zong)(zong)(zong)儀(yi)都(dou)能(neng)(neng)(neng)保證(zheng)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求跟(gen)蹤(zong)(zong)(zong)部位(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)對太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)！

光伏發電的(de)工作原理

光(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)利用(yong)半導體(ti)界(jie)面的(de)光(guang)生(sheng)伏(fu)特效應而將(jiang)光(guang)能直(zhi)接轉(zhuan)變(bian)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)一種技(ji)術(shu)。這種技(ji)術(shu)的(de)關鍵元(yuan)件(jian)是(shi)太陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。太陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)經過串聯(lian)后進(jin)行封裝保護可形(xing)成大(da)面積的(de)太陽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)件(jian)，再配合上功率(lv)控制器等部件(jian)就形(xing)成了光(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置。光(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)優(you)點(dian)(dian)是(shi)較(jiao)少受地域限 制，因為(wei)陽光(guang)普(pu)照大(da)地;光(guang)伏(fu)系統還具有安(an)全可靠、無噪聲、低污(wu)染(ran)、無需(xu)消耗燃(ran)料和架(jia)設輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)即可就地發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及建設同期(qi)短的(de)優(you)點(dian)(dian)。

光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)根據光(guang)(guang)生伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)特效應原(yuan)理,利用(yong)(yong)(yong)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)將太(tai)(tai)陽光(guang)(guang)能(neng)直(zhi)接轉化為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)。不(bu)論(lun)是(shi)獨(du)立使用(yong)(yong)(yong)還是(shi)并 網發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統主(zhu)要由太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板（組件）、控制器(qi)和(he)逆(ni)變器(qi)三大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)分組成，它們主(zhu)要由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)器(qi)件構(gou)成，不(bu)涉及機械部(bu)(bu)件,所以,光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)極為精 煉,可(ke)(ke)靠穩(wen)定壽(shou)命長(chang)、安(an)裝維護簡便。理論(lun)上講,光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術可(ke)(ke)以用(yong)(yong)(yong)于任何(he)需要電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的場合,上至(zhi)航(hang)天(tian)器(qi),下至(zhi)家用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan),大(da)(da)到(dao)兆瓦級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站,小到(dao)玩具,光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan) 無處不(bu)在。太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的最(zui)基本元(yuan)件是(shi)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（片），有單晶(jing)(jing)硅(gui)、多(duo)(duo)晶(jing)(jing)硅(gui)、非晶(jing)(jing)硅(gui)和(he)薄膜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等。目前(qian)，單晶(jing)(jing)和(he)多(duo)(duo)晶(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)最(zui)大(da)(da)，非晶(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于一些小系 統和(he)計算器(qi)輔(fu)助電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)等。